A Breaf Overview of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and...

Psychedelic chemicals are currently banned for any medical use and strictly limited in research to determine if they can be used effectively to help patient. With one out of ten people in America suffering from depression and one out of four people struggling with some type of mental illness not using every tool available to use seem foolish to limit the tools used by psychotherapist. During the next few pages I will discuss earlier uses for MDMA in psychotherapy and whether these results support or contradict these uses. This will be broken up into four sections; a brief overview of effects, couples therapy, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia. In order to better understand why a therapist would recommend MDMA to a patent it is important to know exactly how this drug effects the patient. The effects of MDMA become apparent to the patent anywhere from 20 to 90 minutes after it is taken. Then the strongest part of the experience happens in under 20 minutes after the initial wave hits and last around 2.5 hours. The after effects usually last 24-48 hours with rare cases of them lasting up to a week. The most notable of the effects is an openness. This openness can further be understood by knowing that there is an immense reduction in any fear the patient is experiencing, an increase of empathy, overwhelming sense of love, and a loosening of ego. Some negative effects during the initial experience include hyperthermia, dehydration, jaw clenching,

Effects of Industrialization and Imperialism Essay

WORLD HISTORY RESEARCH PAPER Effects of Industrialization and Imperialism Unit 6: Imperialism World History Honors / Block #6 Due: April 16, 2013 Therefore, one must understand how throughout the times of Imperialism, and Industrial Revolution, aspects such as working conditions, population expansion and colonial enhancement prove why advancements were beneficial to the modern world in the long run. The Industrial Revolution marked a time in history when advancements in technology proceeded to transform the industries and lifestyle of Europeans. Between the steam engine for factories, to the telegraph for communication, the people of the time benefitted from the new progress in society. Factories began producing†¦show more content†¦Luckily, the conflict was altogether solved when in 1833; Anthony Ashley Cooper took up the cause of factory reform and passed the Factory Act. This made it illegal to employ children under the age of nine, and set a maximum eight-hour day for children between the ages of nine and thirteen. Once this act (along other acts controlling urbanization conditions) was in place, burdens of the In dustrial Revolution were not to be seen, and only benefit appears coming out from this revolutionary time period into the modern world. Expanding for the needs of one’s country was considered necessary during the times of imperialism. Nationalism affected a nation’s actions. â€Å"Survival of the fittest† is a term that is often used to describe the theme of a novel; however, in this case, it can apply to a nation. If a country proves successful by expanding their territory and bringing in profit as a result of growth, it is important that this nation continues to prosper in spite of future generations of people that will be affected by this. In the words of Cecil Rhodes who quoted David Killingray in his work A Plague of Europeans: Westerns in Africa since the Fifteenth Century, he claimed, â€Å"more of the world that we inhabit, the better it is for the human race†¦ I contend that every acre added to our territory provides the birth of more of the Engli sh race, who otherwise would not be brought into existence.† ThisShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Revolution Essay example1295 Words   |  6 Pagesagriculture, manufacturing and technology had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions of the world. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom as large deposits of coal and iron were found throughout the land which brought the rise of factories and machines, the idea then subsequently spread throughout the world. It was perhaps one of the greatest moments in human history, as it gave rise to industrialization and the switch from manpower to machine power. It completelyRead MoreWestern Imperialism and Modern East Asia Essay example1188 Words   |  5 PagesWestern imperialism in East Asia caused many tribulations for China, Japan, and Korea but also helped them to become contemporary nations. The East Asian countries were tremendously affected by unequal treaties, extraterritoriality, and above all, te chnology. Great Britain encroached upon China their greed for open trade with the Chinese empire resulting in the deterioration of the Chinese culture, which led to the emergence of a modernized civilization. Japan was co-subjugated by Russia and theRead MoreThe Romantic Period Of The Victorian Era1715 Words   |  7 Pagesincorporating and what they would like to disregard. The Victorian Era was brought about upon to show rebellion from the Romantic period. The Victorian Era is a reaction against the Romantic Period due to differences in terms of historical influences, effects of science, crises of faith, and women’s desire for change. The Romantic Period’s history started in 1798 and ended less than thirty-five years later in 1832. Every period has a recognizable identity and the one for the Romantic Period is that itRead MoreEssay on Imperialism: From Europe to The West1514 Words   |  7 PagesEarly in the twentieth century, imperialism was brought up by European powers of the time; Germany, Great Britain, France, and Russia. These nations were after raw materials in Asia, Africa, and South America and when they realize that they could not retrieve it, they began to colonize smaller counties that contain the many resources they need and used it for their benefit. Western values played a big part in European imperialism. European civilization experienced a period of extraordinary rapidRead MoreThe War I And World War II1660 Words   |  7 PagesTwo of the most significant events in thehistory of the world were World War I and World War II. World War I occurred from 1914 to 1918. 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The ColumbianRead MoreThe Far Reaching Effects of Imperialism1323 Words   |   5 Pagescoal ovens of Industry, soon gave way to systems of imperialism that would quickly take hold in other parts of the world. For the purposes of this essay, can be broadly defined as a symbiotic relationship between an industrialized state and an agrarian state in which the industrialized state almost always benefits in some way, while the agrarian state is often times left with a mixture of benefits and disparagements. The fact that Industrialization took over the world in phases allowed for the firstRead MoreThe Role and Rights of Women in Western Europe and Eastern Asia from 1750 to 19141525 Words   |  7 Pages During the long nineteenth century, political revolutions, industrialization, and European imperialism resulted in dramatic changes in the role of women in Western Europe and Eastern Asia. As industrialization spread in Western Europe, women were no longer able to fulfill their dual role as a mother and a worker. After the introduction of industrialization, laborious tasks were moved from the household to factories and women were forced to choose either the life of a mother or the life of a workerRead MoreImperialism And Its Impact On The Domestic Institutions Of Africa Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism, when one country dominates another for its own benefit, is an expansion policy that has reigned for centuries. Over time, imperialism has drastically changed in its magnitude and severity. At the turn of the nineteenth century, a â€Å"new,† more aggressive and competitive form of imperialism emerged and completely dismantled the domestic institutions of various d eveloping countries. Africa in the nineteenth century is a prime example of the â€Å"new† imperialism in effect. How was Africa affectedRead MoreEuropean Brutal Treatment Of Caucasian Europeans725 Words   |  3 Pagesbrutes. Europeans claimed that as they reached industrialization, African were at the primitive stage of society, therefore it was the European mission to help â€Å"civilize† them. They considered Africans more animal than human. Europeans, during the Imperialism period, were determined to claim that the white was the most superior race of the human species. At the beginning, Lindqvist illustrated the use of the whip and its detrimental, even lethal, effects. â€Å"Only the whip can civilize the black.† (pp

Human Resource for Industrial Background -MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for Industrial Background. Answer: Introduction Human Resource Management Human resource management is one of the most important departments of a business organisation that allows business organisation in managing their workforce in the best possible manner and optimise their performance. Human resource management uses different functions, such as recruitment and selection, training and development, career development, recruitment and selection, etc. to achieve its aims and objectives (Hendry, 2012). Human resource management works by fostering a positive work environment in the workplace and by allowing business organisations to maintain strong work relations between employers and employees (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). One of the most important functions of a human resource manager is to carry out recruitment and selection of employees, which helps them in staffing their companies with the required number of human resources. Industrial Background Retail industry is one of the biggest and the oldest industries in the entire world. Retail industry offers employment opportunities to millions of people in the world and constitutes a major portion of the worlds GDP. Retail industry has greatly evolved from traditional brick and mortar shops to huge supermarkets and online supermarkets. Today, major retailers like Walmart and Tesco are dominating the entire global market and are offering millions of products to their customers. Management of human resource is always difficult in the retail sector because the level of profitability and the quality of services offered to the clients is directly dependent on the number of employees that a retail company employs. Amongst various human resource management issues, workforce planning is one of the greatest issues faced by the human resource managers operating in the retail industry. In the retail industry, forecasting the demand of the human resources is considered to be one of the biggest issues that the managers face. Workforce Planning Problems in Retail Industry Workforce planning is an approach that allows business organisations in predicting the human resource demands of an outlet or a subsidiary. Workforce planning is a concept that ensures that the workplace operations run smoothly by maintaining the required number of employees in the workplace so that neither there is a surplus workforce or shortage of workforce. The retail industry is one of the industries that heavily relies upon human resources to carry out all its business operations. It provides employment opportunity to millions of people, which invites certain problems in the recruitment and selection of employees. The problems that the human resource managers face in recruitment and selection in the retail industry are discussed below: First of all, the retail industry faces a lot of fluctuations because of seasonal activities. In festival season, such as Christmas, Halloween, etc. retail outlets can experience a steep rise in the customer footfall number and can face shortage of employees. Shortage of employees can make it difficult for the retail companies to offer quality services to the clients, which can have an effect on its business and reputation (Kokemuller, n.d.). Secondly, recruitment and selection in the retail sector is mainly carried out by the managers of retail outlets themselves and they are not experts in the field of human resource management. They already have to handle a lot of complicated business operations and they never have the time to plan the workforce for their outlet. As a result, they fail to analyse the human resource needs of their outlet and have to experience difficult situation when the workforce in their outlets reduces and it becomes difficult to attend the customer or provide them with quality services (Barrett, 2016). Thirdly, the retail industry has no shortage of job applicants. The educational qualification required to work in a retail sector is not that high and almost all kind of people can work in a retail outlet. As a result, human resource managers experience millions of job applicants coming in every year in the retail sector but when there is an actual requirement for a candidate, the managers are less likely to find one because of lack of workforce planning. Further, most of the retail managers never maintain a record of the candidates that apply for a job, which makes them vulnerable to the issue even more. As a result, whenever they have to recruit new talent to fulfil the demand of the human resources, they are unable to find the right talent within the right time period (Welty, 2015). Fourthly, lack of adequate workforce planning also makes the retail industry complicated in terms of permanent and temporary jobs. The inefficiency of most of the retail industry to plan their workforce gives rise to conditions that bring about a lot of fluctuation in the human resource demand and supply patterns. In order to bridge the gap between human resource demand and human resource supply, most of the retail companies recruit employees on a temporary basis, which ultimately makes the management of human resources more complicated. Lastly, lack of workforce planning makes the issue of high employee turnover in the retail industry even bigger. In the retail industry, most of the workers are not much educated and tend to join the industry on a temporary basis. Once they find better carrier prospects for themselves, they tend to leave the retail industry, ultimately adding up to the high employee turnover rates. The rising employee turnover rates create trouble for the managers of retail outlets as they have to continuously carry out recruitment and selection processes, which results because of the inability of the managers to forecast the demand of the human resources by also taking the employee turnover rates into account (Sinha, 2009). Recommendations to Solve the Issues The issues being faced by the retail industry with respect to their recruitment and selection programs can have a great impact on their business operations. This is a major reason because of which some companies have been clearly dominating the global industry because of their human resource management competencies and ability to recruit and select employees properly. Some recommendations that can help the companies operating in the retail industry to become more competitive and deal with the issues related to workforce planning are discussed below: First of all, the senior management of the retail organisations need to understand the importance of workforce planning and should hire competent human resource managers to look after the human resource demand and supplies of the retail outlets. Further, rather than relying upon the store managers, the retail organisations should lay a greater stress on their human resource managerial departments for carrying out workforce planning and for identifying recruitment and selection procedures that can offer a strategic advantage to the company. Secondly, the managers of the retail outlets should constantly share the human resource data and information with the senior managers so that the company can establish a pattern of supply and demand and can arrange for temporary human resources before a seasonal spike commences. This will ensure adequate supply of human resources and smooth running of the business operations (SuccessFactors , 2012). Thirdly, human resource managers along with the retail outlet managers should keep a record of all those candidates that have directly approached the company for a placement opportunity. By keeping a record of such candidates, the management will find it less easy to fulfil the human resource demand of the company in conditions when there is an urgency and potential candidates are not readily available. Fourthly, the human resource management of the retail companies can also use information systems and human resource management systems that will enable them to create, store, access and analyse important information and data related with their human resources. Using this data can enable them to predict the human resource demand in the future and be prepared to fulfil the demand within the shortest possible time (The University Of British Columbia, n.d.). Using an information system for carrying out workforce planning will also allow the company to take certain important factors like employee turnover ratios, upcoming retirement, promotions, etc. into account and forecasting the human resource demand with a greater accuracy (Jue, 2012). Conclusion Recruitment and selection is considered to be one of the most important success factors in strategic human resource management. Workforce planning can prove to be the factor that can help business organisations in bridging the gap between failure and success. The global retail industry is one industry that is highly vulnerable to multiple internal and external environment factors and can experience changes in real time. The changing internal and external environment also makes it difficult for the human resource managers to manage their workforce effectively and recruitment and selection is considered to be one of the biggest issues in the retail industry. As a result, it is important for the companies operating in the retail industry to identify the issues that are related with workforce planning and can look into the above recommendations to bring about an improvement and ensure long term market survival. Bibliography Hendry, C. (2012). Human Resource Management. Routledge. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Kokemuller, N. (n.d.). HR Challenges in the Retail Sector . Retrieved May 26, 2017, from smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/hr-challenges-retail-sector-43858.html Welty, S. (2015, June 18). Retail Workfore Forecastin: A new approach. Retrieved May 26, 2017, from www.hr.com: https://www.hr.com/en/magazines/workforce_management_excellence_essentials/june_2015_workforce_management/retail-workforce-forecasting-a-new-approach_ib267zmw.html Sinha, B. K. (2009, October 11). Trends and Issues in Recruitment and Selection: A Critical Analysis . Retrieved May 26, 2017, from www.indianmba.com: https://www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC1081/fc1081.html Barrett, D. (2016, October 4). Six recruitment challenges that retailers must conquer . Retrieved May 26, 2017, from www.hrzone.com: https://www.hrzone.com/talent/acquisition/six-recruitment-challenges-that-retailers-must-conquer Jue, N. (2012, May 2). Five Ways to Improve Strategic Workforce Planning . Retrieved May 26, 2017, from www.i4cp.com: https://www.i4cp.com/productivity-blog/2012/05/02/five-ways-to-improve-strategic-workforce-planning SuccessFactors . (2012, March 23). Six tips to improve workforce planning . Retrieved May 26, 2017, from www.safetysolutions.net.au: https://www.safetysolutions.net.au/content/business/article/six-tips-to-improve-workforce-planning--634623431 The University Of British Columbia. (n.d.). HR Information Systems . Retrieved May 26, 2017, from www.hr.ubc.ca: https://www.hr.ubc.ca/information-systems/hrms/

The Whitsun Weddings free essay sample

The countryside ‘gives way’ to a large town, Larkin does not call it a city. Hull seems to emerge from the river from a limited pastoral with ‘harsh-sounding’ halts and ‘piled gold clouds’. Courtenay’s diction and intonation seem to call into question the domes and statues and spires and cranes and even the inhabitants and their simple needs and desires. The video images of the football/ rugby crowd and the view into the shopping mall from the elevator make the people involved appear both down to earth and beyond the ordinary. The lists of articles that the ‘cut-price’ crowd might want seem to be more like our own needs in straightened times, simple but necessary; as well as ‘out of reach’, ‘Unfenced existence’ brings to mind Ian Almond’s characterisation of Larkin as a mystic without a mystery — the sense of the mundane is enough to keep him wondering about the everyday without anything further intruding. We will write a custom essay sample on The Whitsun Weddings or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Silence then prevails after the peopled city is left behind and the elements like ‘heat’, ‘thickening leaves’ and ‘neglected waters’ are allowed to be themselves. Joseph Bailey Afternoons in some ways is a time capsule since in the poem Larkin observes such things as mothers setting free their children at swing and sandpit, a scene that is now perhaps dying out since in todays world young mothers tend to go into the workplace rather than spend time with their children. [The] poem reminds me about a cinema in my towns centre that closed down about a year ago and hasnt been touched, though when you look inside its like looking into the past, seeing all the films from a year ago and all the fashion photos. Jonathan Winn This poem was written when Philip Larkin lived in his top flat in Pearson Park in Hull. He loved living in a high room, where he could observe the comings and goings of other people. As he walked through the park he used to pass a childrens playground, and what he saw there inspired this bleak poem. I often thought of it when I myself was a young mother in the late 50s and 60s, and knew exactly what he meant by the hollows of afternoons. But how did Philip know? This poem is an example of his acute observation and imaginative ability to get inside the skin of his subjects. It is a poem that will never date as long as there are young mothers and children and play-grounds. Winifred Dawson [2001] An Arundel Tomb One of the lasting bequests left perhaps unwittingly by Philip Larkin can be described as a paper chase. Not the usual kind: but scattered all over the country are places where Larkin trod, objects which moved him and people whose lives he enriched. The Larkin reader can go to these places and experience for himself what inspired the poet. Some seven years ago I was intrigued by An Arundel Tomb. I had, alongside the poem, the Longman Critical Essays in which John Saunders takes a look at beauty and truth in three poems from The Whitsun Weddings. There was a footnote referring the reader to an Otter Memorial Paper entitled An Arundel Tomb, by Dr. Paul Foster of West Sussex Institute of Higher Education. Thus began an interesting (for me) correspondence with Dr. Foster. I asked whether the final line of the poem, What will survive of us is love, was quite so straightforward as it seemed. I questioned the other meaning of the word love, i. e. (in games) no score: nothing; nil. Could it be, I asked, that Larkin might have meant: What will survive of us is nothing? Dr. Foster wrote back to me: John (Saunders) takes me to task – doesnt he! for adopting an over-optimistic view of Larkins poem; I think he is probably right and your own comment on love would please John S. immensely. He enclosed a copy of the Otter paper, co-written by him, Trevor Brighton and Patrick Garland, with photographs of the tomb (in Chichester Cathedral) that had inspired Larkin. I hit Chichester Cathedral during the two weeks when the Archbishops r epresentatives were clocking up the number of people visiting the cathedrals all over the country. An eyebrow was raised when I confessed that I had come in search of Philip Larkin, and not God; but I was directed to the tomb. Beside it was a large handwritten copy of the poem, attached to one of Chichesters mighty pillars. For twenty minutes I studied the tomb, the poem and Dr. Fosters handbook. There are marked differences between the tomb and the poem, as Larkin later admitted. The pamphlet quotes an acquaintance of Larkins who, while visiting Chichester Cathedral, overheard a guide inform a group of tourists that the monument to the FitzAlan family inspired a poem from the modern poet, Philip Spender! I recommend a visit to Chichester Cathedral clutching, if you can, Dr. Fosters pamphlet. Wendy Cole Broadcast This poem was first published in The Listener in January 1962. On my copy Philip wrote: To Maeve who wd. sooner listen to music than listen to me and drew this sketch of himself enveloped in gloom beside his wireless, and of me, rapt in the more formal atmosphere of the concert hall. One Sunday afternoon the previous November, the BBC Symphony Orchestra gave a concert in the City Hall, Hull which was simultaneously broadcast on the radio. Knowing I was at the live performance, Philip listened to it at home. The following day he handed me a typescript of the poem, initially called Broadcast Concert, but later shortened to Broadcast. Elated and deeply moved, I was amused by the description of my shoes which had been the object of a shared, private joke that autumn. Elegant, with stiletto heels and pointed toes, popularly known as winkle pickers, they had been in vogue several months. Philip loved them. Never one to be ahead of fashion, rather just lagging behind it, I said in mock exasperation one day: I dont know why you make such a fuss of these shoes. Theyve been in fashion for the last six months otherwise I wouldnt be wearing them. He laughed and said: Well, I still adore them even if they are slightly-outmoded which is how they came to be described in the poem. I have attended countless concerts at the City Hall since 5 November 1961 and on each occasion I recite Broadcast in my minds eye with mingled pride and delight. Maeve Brennan Dockery amp; Son Larkin minced no words in his discussions of children. He condemns them as awful and expresses his gratitude that Ive never lived in hideous contact with them The nearer you are to being born, the worse you are (FR 48). In his interview with the Observer he calls them selfish, noisy, cruel, vulgar little brutes (RW 48). He makes sure we know the feeling is not a new one: I hated everybody when I was a child, or I thought I did. When I grew up, I realized that what I hated was children (FR 47). This is obviously a man who didnt have much desire for parenthood. And yet, in this poem, he speaks to me as the mother of two young sons and a person who doesnt find children awful (at least, not most of the time). This poem uncomfortably confronts my assumptions about reproducing: have I increased or diluted myself? And it helps me, happily, to find myself more closely aligned with Dockery than with the speaker. I like the speaker here because hes willing to say what he thinks, as he thinks it, and he might be right. I like hearing that having children doesnt have to be what everyone does; and, of course, it is selfish in its own way. And I appreciate that he credits Dockery (and therefore, by association, me) with having thought so thoroughly about whether we should be added to. I can see why the speakers made his choice, but Im glad Ive made mine. Whether or not we use it, it goes Certainly Dockery (and therefore, by association, I) will finish up in the same place as the speaker in the end, but maybe he has used his life; and maybe Ive used mine. Id guess that most people dont think of Dockery and Son as a feel-good sort of poem, but its process of thinking through this big question, and the places that thinking takes the speaker, takes me to some useful places too. Gillian Steinberg Love Songs In Age Ive always had a soft spot for Love Songs in Age, which was written in the year I was born. Just three sentences, with the first continuing right up to the last line of the second stanza. One of the things I noticed about the poem when I was setting it to music was the high incidence of words containing the s sound, which conveys a certain sadness, sympathy or resignation, in as much as it resembles a sigh. Remarkably, in the second stanza of the poem almost 20% – 1 in 5 – words begin with the s sound; with nearly as high a percentage in the first stanza. And when you add the number of words containing the s sound within them As usual with a Larkin poem, because of the register, rhythm, rhyme sequence and cadences, this is hardly noticeable when reading or hearing the poem. As a hoarder myself of scraps of paper containing poems, fragments, lyrics, images – I can understand (as Im sure we all can) the significance the subject attaches to the sheet music – both the covers and the music they contain. All our possessions remind us of something or someone; One marked in circles by a vase of water, And coloured, by her daughter. Its as if the things themselves are capable of storing memories to confront us with when we least expect it. In typical Larkin style he shows us the joy of life, love and happiness by making us recognise that we missed out – it passed us by; the illusion of That certainty of time laid up in store. We each have our own much-mentioned brilliance of something, which is Still promising to solve, and satisfy,/ And set unchangeably in order, whether its love, money, power For me, the most important phrase in the poem is looking for something else. It brings to mind the final lines of The Mower, the poem Betty Mackereth chose as her nomination for Poem of The Month in May 2002: we should be careful Of each other, we should be kind While there is still time. James L. Orwin Mr Bleaney I am currently studying Philip Larkins Whitsun Wedding as part of my A-Level English Literature course, I have become rather attached to Mr. Bleaney, the mystery and ambience which surrounds this character fascinates me, how such a grey and apathetic life can have such an affect on a household, and possess an almost immortal quality as his presence is still felt by the next tenant. Lydia Williams Naturally The Foundation Will Bear Your Expenses I have chosen this poem because it amuses me. I have been a university wife for over 40 years and also read English at Hull University. I like Larkins tongue-in-cheek portrait of a certain type of academic; the way he highlights the pomposity and self-importance that can be a feature of the academic world (and all others too of course). The title alone with its use of formality and capital letters alerts us to the pretentiousness of what will follow. This character is full of his own self-worth as he leaves the greyness of England behind and hurries to catch his Comet. What a busy man! Comet aircraft at that time that this poem was written (1961) were so new and upmarket – they were the Concords of their time. Travelling by Comet highlights the status of this person – it also suggests that the cost of such a trip will be considerable. Our man in the poem is a frequent conference attender by the sounds of things. He has recently given the same paper in America at Berkeley, the University of California, only three weeks previously. He has every intention of wringing the last drops out of his efforts to write the paper in the first place as he also contemplates it being broadcast on Radio 3 where he will be conscious of his own reflected glory in the mirror of the Third and subsequently published (he hopes) by Chatto amp; Windus. The stark contrast between the smug academic and the colourless and careworn crowds which irritate the man by holding up his taxi is highlighted by the alliteration. So wrapped up in his own affairs is our academic that he has not noticed, until I was airborne that the date is a significant one. The crowds were attending the Remembrance Day Service when the Queen and Country remembers and respects those who have lost their lives in war. There is no indication of a year in which the action of the poem takes place; however, in the 1960s England was still recovering from the effects of the Second World War which had ended less than twenty years previously. The attitude of this man to the Remembrance Day Service in Whitehall is thus shocking in its lack of empathy and respect. The word outsoar in the next stanza too emphases his feelings of superiority as he leaves behind the real world of the aftermath of war, people struggling to come to terms with loss, bereavement and hard times as he dwindles off on the south wind (Auster) to meet his contact and pal, Professor Lal, who awaits him in the sunshine of Bombay at the next conference. Larkin here is having a quiet laugh at some of his academic colleagues; he knows perfectly well that there will be some elements of this stereotypical man that will be recognised and cause amusement among his fellows. I can endorse this portrait, join in the laughter and enjoy Larkins wicked sense of humour. However, I know personally that there are many, many hard-working, kind, liberal, dedicated and humble academics – some of them are my friends – I also am married to one! Im sure that Larkin knew this too! Carole Collinson Sunny Prestatyn Walking through the suburbs of the city and finding oneself strangely drawn to the graffiti on walls, play-parks and posters, one couldnt help but be reminded of Sunny Prestatyn. A poem that at once shows the comic yet callous defacement of advertisement posters whilst carefully crafting the unknown beauty which lies within everything (but is somehow destroyed and squandered by everyday existence), it is a remarkably accomplished piece, even from a poet as capable as Larkin. As with much of Larkins poetry the metre and rhyme scheme is tightly controlled, in such a way that allows the poem to flow from images of the expand[ing] and spread[ing] scene which swells from the laughing girls thighs and breasts, into the sudden scor[ing] and scrawls of the sabotaging, anonymous youngsters. Despite its versatility the poem never sounds disjointed, and manages to retain a completeness almost as defined as the poster borders themselves. As the first verse devotes itself to describing beauty, freedom and that quintessentially British love of seascapes, what follows is a shocking barrage of destructive and driving images that not only reveals the apathy and aggressive boredom of the defacers, but points to a pronouncedly wider message: beauty is transitory, and destroyed by sheer monotony. It is incredible that Larkin saw so vividly, in his times, that destructive element which seems to dominate much of our concerns today; as how often are we found thinking some things are too good for this life? In creating a stylised, stereotypical yet somehow inexplicably real girl within the poster, and having her slapped up and left as only a hand and some blue, something much valued; beauty and uncomplicated pleasure in essence, is systematically destroyed by the delinquent actions that Larkin constructs climatically within Sunny Prestatyn. This leaves a feeling of exhaustion and quasi-fear, whilst serving as a reminder in Larkins idiosyncratic style of taking the most plain, earthly features of existence and charging them with forceful meaning of the fragility of our lives amid the almost unreal, increasingly fast, and changing (Now Fight Cancer is there) times we exist within. Ben Wilkinson Take One Home For The Kiddies I have chosen this seemingly simple Larkin poem because it beautifully exemplifies the way I feel about animals and just how cruel humans can be to them. It makes me feel Yes, I know what you mean, life is like that. I also like it because it shows a side of Larkin that is all too often ignored – the caring, compassionate, loving and gentle side; the man Maeve Brennan knew, who was sad that he had accidentally killed a hedgehog. And yet the poem is cutting, incisive and sharply focused. Every word counts. The word huddled for instance is perfectly chosen to create an image of misery, distress and despair, whilst the empty bowls add to the sense of neglect suffered by these animals. When I was a girl there was a pet shop in West Street in Hull. It was next door to a very popular wet-fish shop; and whilst my mother queued to buy fish, I used to look at the animals in the pet shop window. They were as Larkin describes in the poem. They were all young, and displayed according to their species; sometimes puppies, or baby rabbits or hamsters, and occasionally kittens. Whatever kind of animal was on show at the time, the window seemed to be full of them; they didnt have enough individual space and children like me crowded round pushing each other to get a better view, knocking on the glass to attract the animals attention. To us they were living toys and to this day I am very glad that my mother refused to buy me one. The final line of the poem sums up the fate of many of these baby animals bought on impulse by parents for their children who were passionate to own one, but for whom the novelty would soon wear off; or who would maybe, literally, love a tiny animal to death. The slogan which came out many years after this poem was written – a puppy is not just for Christmas – reminded me of Larkins perceptive, critical and highly skilful treatment of the same subject matter. The poem remains one of my favourites. Carole Collinson Talking In Bed I chose Talking in Bed because it is at once so simple and so profoundly philosophical, obviously situated in the context of two humans, fighting against their own alienation and against a hostile environment, but extending to some eternal human dilemmas. The projection of how difficult it can be to tell the truth and keep your friends too is one of the finest achievements of the poem. Bahaa-Eddin Mazid Toads Revisited Toads Revisited is a favourite of mine from the seminal The Whitsun Weddings collection. On reading it again, and again, I find myself eagerly anticipating the next line, like a satisfying chorus. I was drawn to the poetry of Philip Larkin, because of its similarities to the lyrics and themes encompassed within the best of English ‘popular music’ song writing that has left a lasting impact on me, penned by the likes of Nick Drake, Stephen Morrissey, Roddy Frame, and latterly Thom Yorke. Themes of mortality, boredom, tedium, fear and tragedy feature strongly, and are explored to great effect within this offering. Some wonderful lines leap out at me, and continue to delight on each airing. Waxed fleshed out patients / Still vague from accidents and Turning over their failures / By some bed of lobelias. Marvellous! I find myself particularly affected by the themes of time passing, and time wasted. Time weighing heavily, and apparently, occasionally burdensome, yet also perceived as a finite and valuable, though often squandered commodity. I am drawn to the way that the unattractive alternative to the working day is demonstrated by the observations of a range of disparate and feckless characters inhabiting the park (Not a bad place to be). The park bound activities, and hinted at desperate lifestyles of these individuals contrasting markedly with the reassurance and raison d’etre provided by the routine of the daily grind. Albeit delivered in an unsettling way, the Toad ‘companion’ is seen to be a benevolent though overwhelming entity guiding us to â€Å"the inevitable†. Andy Bagley The Whitsun Weddings This is one of the three or four really spacious, almost symphonic Larkin poems, alongside Church Going, The Building, and Aubade.